However, the stronger wage-compression effect among women might also result from discrimination and the existence of a glass-ceiling effect, i.e. the fact that women face invisible but real barriers preventing them from obtaining higher-level positions.
This difference was not explained by differences in human capital and productivity but may result from discrimination in access to employment and from differential returns to characteristics (38).
It is unclear whether these differences result from discrimination against diploid males by females, or from independent attributes of diploid males.
Stigma resulted from discrimination from friends, family, work colleagues, employers and health care providers due to a participants' HIV status, their sexual orientation, ethnocultural background, employment status, and/or gender and exacerbated disability.
CSW further identifies cases of forced displacement resulting from religious discrimination.
We obtained the quantitative data from the discrepancies' list resulting from the discrimination meeting, and the qualitative data from the answers to the questionnaires.
Rather, the hatred exemplarily resulting from economic discrimination and injustice, from political imperiousness and economic greed, or from distrust and suspicion is religiously legitimized even if it finds itself in contrast with the religious instructions and the concept of man, on which the most important religious concepts are based.
Persistent poverty resulting from racial discrimination and job losses generated different crimes in the late 20th century, with drug trade and drug abuse becoming associated with violent crime rates, which climbed after 1986 as Los Angeles gangs made affiliates in the city.
The genetic code is remarkably resistant to substitutional point mutations, and to missense translational errors resulting from improper discrimination of similar codons.
Additionally, female workers have specific stress-related disorders resulting from job discrimination and a double burden of work (in the workplace and home) (5).
