Substitutional doping is known to be effective when used to enhance the thermoelectric figure of merit zT, and this is generally explained as resulting from a reduction in the thermal conductivity caused by an additional atomic-scale defect structure.
Compared to FI-100, significant reductions in carrot yields were observed under DI-80 and DI-60 deficit irrigation treatments resulting from a reduction in roots number/m2 and average root weight.
On the global scale, we quantify that fire emissions indirectly reduce GPP by 0.86 Pg C yr−1 (0.6%) during 2002 2011, resulting from a reduction of 0.91 Pg C yr−1 by O3 and an increase of 0.05 Pg C yr−1 by aerosols (Fig. 5a).
Inclusion of fire pollution causes a further GPP reduction of 0.86 ± 0.74 Pg C yr−1 during 2002 2011, resulting from a reduction of 0.91 ± 0.44 Pg C yr−1 by O3 and an increase of 0.05 ± 0.30 Pg C yr−1 by aerosols.
Introduction of the ECHD layer increased the OSC efficiency from 2.34% to 2.96%, possibly resulting from a reduction of the work function, leading to better electron transport at the active layer/Al interface.
The mismatch of ventilation and perfusion resulting from a reduction in alveolar surface area as well as impaired vessel growth and function often precedes the development of sustained impairments including pulmonary hypertension, a common complication of the disease [5].
