It is shown that the magnetic field freezing in such case is caused by a synchronism of ExB-drift of the plasma particles, resulting from a divergence-free character of the magnetic field and equipotential character of the field lines.
Earlier analyses have most likely identified L16 as universal due to a low sequence similarity to the archaeal L10e protein; however, the bacterial L10 protein shows much stronger sequence similarity to L10e, and L16 is likely a bacterial-specific ribosomal protein resulting from a duplication and divergence of L10.
Apart from independent evolution, the observed lack of correlation in homologous gene expression in A. thaliana and A. formosa petals may have resulted from a strong divergence of petal identity pathways during the divergence of the Aquilegia and the Arabidopsis lineage.
Subgrid-scale dissipation of momentum in numerical models of the large-scale ocean circulation is commonly parameterized as a viscous diffusion resulting from the divergence of a stress tensor of the form σ = A ∇u.
One of the limitations of the triplet method is that it cannot distinguish gene flow resulting from primary divergence versus secondary contact.
To reduce the effect of dependent observations resulting from insufficient divergence, we combined the results for all genomes of the same genus into a single 'observation' by averaging pattern representation categories for all available genomes belonging to that genus.
Array CGH can be used to effectively identify gene duplication and genome content; however, certain biases are present due to sequence divergence and other genome characteristics resulting from the divergence between lineages.
The HWHM is in the range of 15°, compared to a full width of 0.15° in the radial direction, the latter reflecting instrumental broadening (resulting from beam divergence and detector point spread) and grain-size related broadening (in nanoparticles, crystallite size correlates inversely with peak width).
The proximity between the NORs and the C Type enzymes could also be due to artifacts resulting from the higher divergence of these two groups from the A and B Type enzymes [44], [45].
In these studies, incompatibility resulting from the allopatric divergence between two genomes is considered as a predominant factor causing hybrid depression.
