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Investigators are still trying to determine whether the contamination was the result of counterfeiting, and whether the fake material — oversulfated chondroitin sulfate — was the cause of the allergic reactions.
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Take the traditional crime of counterfeiting.
Tarnoff doesn't linger over the mechanics of counterfeiting.
The problems are more serious in China because tens of thousands of people are sickened or killed every year as a result of rampant counterfeiting of drugs, and tainted and substandard food and drugs.
The failures could be the result of deliberate counterfeiting, or substandard production, transport or storage.
The use of cryptocurrency itself results in a new form of commercial interaction where the issue of counterfeit money is nonexistent.
*Global key informants who mentioned the issue of counterfeit often did mention that counterfeit medicines were symptoms of other problems in LMICs.
Cause refers to the various motivations of counterfeiters to commit a specific incidentc and effect includes the various end results of their counterfeit crimes.
Although this may result in increased sophistication of counterfeiting by criminals, increasing their costs and reducing illicit profit margins, it may also make it more difficult for MRAs to detect counterfeit products in the supply chain and warn patients and pharmacists.
"And as a result, the production of counterfeits and knockoffs has escalated".
As a result, the circulation of counterfeit drugs was reported to have been reduced by over 80% from what it was in 2001 [ 12], the amount of drugs unregistered by NAFDAC in circulation was reduced from 68%to19%9%, and the production capacity of local pharmaceutical industries increased tremendously [ 13].
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Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com