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A word about relative clauses: restrictive relative clauses (also known as defining, best thought of as giving essential information by narrowing it down) are not enclosed by commas, whereas non-restrictive relative clauses (non-defining, giving non-essential information) are.
There is nothing wrong with using "which" to introduce a restrictive relative clause, as in "The pair of shoes which cost £5,000 was hideous".
A restrictive relative clause is essential to the meaning of the sentence, often because it pinpoints the referent of the noun from among a set of alternatives.
The choice between "that" and "which", according to the rule, is simple: nonrestrictive relative clauses take "which"; restrictive relative clauses take "that".
Don't be alarmed by the unhelpful terms, but restrictive relative clauses (also known as defining, best thought of as giving essential information by narrowing it down) are not enclosed by commas, whereas non-restrictive relative clauses (non-defining, giving non-essential information) are.
Some people think that "which" can be used interchangeably to open "restrictive" relative clauses, like "The rules which I learned in school are inviolable".
Similar(51)
Indeed, with some restrictive relatives, "which" is the only option, such as "That which doesn't kill you makes you stronger" and "The book in which I scribbled my notes is worthless".
These features include an awareness of its newness, recognition that the productivity of the language system is being exploited, the use of 'so-called' and scare quotes, and explanations and definitions of the term in apposition or in a non-restrictive relative clause (cf. Goatly (1997, 171 175) typology of "definitional contexts").
Consistent with previous analyses [14], we observed in most strains under restrictive conditions a relative accumulation of 35S pre-rRNA (data not shown, see also pulse labelling experiments described below) indicating general delays in processing events in the ETS1, ITS1, and ITS2 pre-rRNA sequences (see LSU pre-rRNA processing scheme in Fig. 1).
43 44 This finding is clinically significant as it strongly suggests that pleural abnormalities on radiograph correlate with relative restrictive changes across this population and could be associated with dyspnoea on exertion resulting from the more diffuse pleural abnormalities.
As expected, GFP expression from the cdc-25.3 and zif-1 3′-UTR constructs is increased in lin-41 (tn1487 ts ) oocytes at the restrictive temperature (25°) relative to controls.
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