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Stalls with the neck rail positioned less restrictively had higher contamination scores than stalls with the restrictive neck rails (3.7 vs. 0.4 ± 0.2), and cows using those stalls had dirtier udders and longer teat-cleaning times (8.3 vs. 7.0 ± 0.2 min for 12 cows).
Cows spent 27 ± 3 min/d standing with all 4 feet in stalls with less restrictive neck rails.
Cows spent less time standing with only the front 2 feet in the stall with less restrictive neck rails (33 vs. 49 ± 6 min/d).
Similarly, of the 16 new cases of sole lesions, 15 occurred during the period when cows were housed in pens with a restrictive neck rail.
Gait scores improved when cows were kept in the less restrictive stalls and worsened when cows were kept in pens with the restrictive neck rail (median score 2.5 vs. 3.5 after 5 wk on treatment).
Similar(55)
Of 13 new cases of lameness, 11 occurred in pens with the restrictive neck-rail position.
The lack of improvement in the agreement observed with the addition of functional limitations criterion may be explained by the fact that the questionnaire definition was already somewhat restrictive (pain reported in the neck-shoulder region for at least three days during the last seven days, with the worst pain intensity greater than 50 millimeters on the 100-millimeter VAS).
Although necks were difficult to discern, prolonged incubation at the restrictive temperature (5 min) revealed the presence of membrane necks attached to the plasma membrane.
Upon selling my house, is it legal to include a restrictive covenant forbidding its razing or making major renovations that compromise its architectural integrity?... Edwin Hanft, Great Neck, N.Y.
It's so restrictive!
Are the restrictive measures proportionate?
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