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Nor could the seven restrictive mutations be reversed first.
These restrictive mutations may have fine-tuned how the receptor grabbed cortisol.
In the second, it acquired the five extra mutations, which Dr. Thornton called "restrictive" mutations.
Dr. Thornton argues that once the restrictive mutations evolved, they made it practically impossible for the receptor to evolve back to its original form.
Our results are consistent with the findings of Bridgham et al [ 24] that accumulation of restrictive mutations make a reversal of protein structure and function unlikely.
However, while restrictive mutations block many of the possible evolutionary trajectories, as has been previously emphasized, permissive mutations simultaneously open up new pathways, avoiding 'evolutionary dead-ends' and contributing to the diversity of enzyme homologs found in nature.
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Permissive and restrictive epistatic mutations across the TF-RE interface opened and closed potential evolutionary paths accessible by the other, making the evolution of each molecule contingent on its partner's history and allowing a molecular complex with novel specificity to evolve.
Interaction of S12 and 2-deoxystreptamine aminoglycosides apparently is not at the level of drug binding, but provoked by interference of two opposite effects on translation fidelity induced by error-restrictive rpsL mutations and misreading-inducing aminoglycoside antibiotics.
These studies have been conducted mainly in the genetic background of a non-restrictive K42R mutation in ribosomal protein S12 [10] [16].
To study whether the non-restrictive K42R mutation in RpsL affects 2-deoxystreptamine susceptibility in Mycobacterium smegmatis, we studied the drug susceptibility pattern of various mutants with genetic alterations in the 16S rRNA decoding A-site in the context of wild-type and mutant protein S12.
However, the lack of an explicit argument clarifying this crucial point has led some researchers to adopt a restrictive view, favoring mutation-selection balance while excluding sexual selection on schizotypy-increasing alleles [9], [10], [12].
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