But Mr. Shargel and a federal prosecutor, Jonathan R. Streeter, clashed over whether Mr. Dreier, who turns 59 on Tuesday and could face life in prison, should be allowed to remain in his Manhattan apartment under highly restrictive conditions of home detention until he is sentenced in two months.
In these places, the department is celebrating the detached one- and two-family house and the surrounding low-rise neighborhoods, putting in place new restrictive rules that put limits on new apartment buildings and town houses, in the name of neighborhood preservation.
But last October, a Greenwich Village developer filed a restrictive declaration promising to turn over six apartments in a eight-story building at 159 Bleecker Street to the school for use as a student dormitory.
He also recalled that in 1934, while he was away at Tuskegee, his mother had been one of the ringleaders in the movement to break the restrictive covenants, often by attempting to occupy apartments or houses in the forbidden areas.
And restrictive laws offer very little opportunity for development beyond modestly sized apartment blocks that mostly top out at about five stories.
In the early 60's, when housing production in New York exploded before a more restrictive zoning law went into effect, the Lefrak Organization built "an apartment every 18 minutes," said Arthur Klein, the company's chief financial officer.
Everyone got very excited about it yesterday, but many failed to ask the obvious question: How could such a place exist in the United Kingdom, where laws against brothel-keeping are so restrictive they don't allow two sex workers to share an apartment for safety?
Unlike those at 823 Park Avenue, the apartments at the Stanhope are co-ops, but operate without many of the restrictive rules used by traditional co-ops to reject many buyers, like an elaborate board approval process.
You could also rent an apartment from a large rental agency, or in a large apartment community where there may be less restrictive guidelines for screening tenants.
Apartment buildings have begun to discourage the ethnic "invasion," as one property agent called it, by raising rents and adopting restrictive covenants.
