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It is possible that our study was hampered by the number of centres, rather than the number of patients, that may have restricted variance.
In the present study, this selection may have affected estimates of relationships between variables of interest through restricted variance.
However, a large bias due to restricted variance seems unlikely because the magnitude of the association between antidepressant use and diagnosed diabetes was comparable with that observed in other cohorts (3 10).
The overall pattern of restricted variance with higher SES is important in understanding the association between SES and BMI [5].
The restricted variance and negative skew on the recognition trial of the RAVLT was also expected.
Maybe no effects were revealed because of the extreme floor effect and the restricted variance of these FASD scales, which is also known for instruments assessing similar constructs in population-based samples [ 6].
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bIn addition, we checked whether this result was due to the restricted variances in low-performing countries and found that neither ceiling nor floor effects in the problem solving scores existed.
The substantial inverse shared environmental correlations at high levels of education, however, suggested that cultural/familial influences on high educational attainment acted relatively uniformly and effectively to reduce BMI by restricting variance.
Those individuals who did not spontaneously report positive images and were therefore excluded in our analysis might be the ones generating not very vivid images in a laboratory task – including only positive images which have occurred in the past restricts variance in vividness analyses.
Theoretically, the consistency variances model is optimal in that it largely retains the flexibility of the unrestricted variances model, and additionally restricts variances in alignment with and borrows strength from the seminal assumption of consistency.
In fact, because education restricted environmental variance more than genetic variance, heritability, or the proportion of total variance attributable to genetic influences, was higher at high levels of education in both genders (see Table 3).
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