Although this early study was encouraging, the HMM was restricted to represent timing differences between biological conditions with binary EE/DE or multiple cases of latent hidden states depending on the number of given conditions at each time point.
We believe this is the first evidence that the influence of temporal encoding in multisensory integration is not only restricted to the relative timing between inputs from different modalities, but it is also dependent upon the predictable nature of component events within each sensory modality.
One other region showed an impact of timing restricted to audiovisual presentations but for the reverse contrast.
In the case of the Kawashima et al. study, the data set was only made of sequences that came from five Opisthokonta species (Homo sapiens, D. melanogaster, C. elegans, Ciona intestinalis and S. pombe), therefore, their taxonomic sample was too restricted to conclude precisely the timing of this duplication.
The effect of the Paratethys on the Asian monsoon could also be significant, but the timing of this effect is restricted to the Eocene, since this water body largely disappeared during the Oligocene.
Since there were no differences between cases and controls in frequency or timing of exposure, analyses are restricted to children to mothers exposed to prenatal X-ray, regardless of numbers of examinations or time of exposure.
Two-photon microscopy is widely used to study brain function, but conventional microscopes are too slow to capture the timing of neuronal signalling and imaging is restricted to one plane.
However, since human and mouse belong to the same eutherian superorder Euarchontoglires, the timing of these events can be more restricted to the primates or to the younger lineages within primates (e.g. to Hominoidea).
For example, to better ensure that refuges are attractive to ovipositing moths during the period that Bollgard II® is attractive, the timing of planting of refuge crops has also been restricted to a shorter period.
A further consideration is that prophylaxis should be restricted to the months with high rates of RSV infection to reduce cost, and timing will vary according to geographic location and climate [ 26].
