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We chose the CD40L promoter to drive HcRed expression as this promoter activity is largely restricted to activated T cells and a LTR promoter to drive the EGFP reporter, in order to select and enrich the transduced cells.
Light exposure of Crb1−/− retinas transduced with AAV2/6-GFAP-GFP induced GFP expression restricted to activated Müller glial cells aligning retinal blood vessels.
Third, the presence of AID mRNA is mainly restricted to activated mature B cells [31], thus limiting its function to the cell type and time window where it is required.
Nonetheless, the slight change in IL-17 level is consistent with the mild increase in activated T cells because it is known that IL-17 expression is restricted to activated T-cells [46].
High CXCR3 expression was originally thought to be restricted to activated T lymphocytes [22], however, later findings show that expression of CXCR3 can be detected in endothelial cells, dendritic cells, as well as in neutrophils and eosinophils within tissues dominated by Th1 [24], [24].
In the last few years, it has become clear that AID expression is not, as originally thought, exclusively restricted to activated B cells.
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This is of relevance, because it has been discussed that the different subunits of a G-protein subtype may not be restricted to activating only one signaling pathway [30].
Guo et al. suggest that the specificity of targets stems from their stable association with DNA: i.e., H2AX and Kap1 phosphorylation is restricted to ATM activated by DNA damage.
However, subsequent studies have indicated that the activity of erlotinib in second-/third-line settings is largely restricted to patients with activating EGFR mutations.
Activity of the S18A promoter appears to be restricted to meristems; plants activate an extra copy of this gene in tissues with cell division activity [ 31].
Also the localization of changes is restricted to the sensory pathway activated by the specific stimulus.
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