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A separate dictionary provides a formalism for specifying restraints and constraints applied during refinement of the crystal structure.
However, computational restraints and constraints of clinical reality, for example, time, cost, radiation exposure, and last but not least image distortion when large metallic implants are used, currently preclude the creation of full complex customized models of a region of interest.
The difference between restraints and constraints may be conceptualized mainly in two manners that we will first illustrate with a simple example: a geometrically constrained acetylenic hydrogen, X C H.
It is important to note that while the refinement was performed in SHELXL-2014 for the current crystal data, other software packages such as CRYSTALS (Betteridge et al., 2003 ▶) will allow for the application of similar restraints and constraints.
In particular, the refinement guidelines include strategies to refine the host framework, locate guests and determine occupancies, discussion of the proper use of geometric and anisotropic displacement parameter restraints and constraints, and whether to perform solvent squeezing/masking.
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Among them, men were more motivated than women, consistent with the higher level of restraints, fears and constraints that women referred to when facing such treatment.
Taking the Roemer effect into account (hospitalization depends on bed availability more than on severity of illness) [ 31], higher rates of restraint and constraint could be due to greater availability of acute beds in the system and not to lower quality of acute care.
In fact it is often better to reduce the number of restraints and apply constraints instead, which remove correlated parameters where possible.
These dihedral angle restraints and spatial constraints along with the CHARMM-22 [ 28] force field enforce proper stereochemistry.
Disorder observed for tetrabutylammonium cation(s) in 2 and 5 was resolved by using SADI and EADP restraints and DFIX constraints implemented in SHELXL.
The models are built upon optimal satisfaction of dihedral angle restraints and spatial constraints that are derived from the alignment of the target sequence and the template structure [ 27].
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