These indicate that the FePt single layer and FePt/Ag have a lower ordering temperature below 500°C, while the Ru cap layer restrains the FePt ordering process.
These results indicate that the Ag cap layer helps to form the FePt (001) phase at a lower temperature of 500°C, while the Ru cap layer restrains the ordering process with (001) orientation until 700°C.
It is revealed that the surface segregation of solute Ti atoms from the parent alloyed NPs and their partial oxidation to form protective layer restrain outward diffusion of W element, agglomeration of NPs, and interface structure degradation, in favor of enhancing the thermal tolerance of the coatings.
In both Europe and the United States, the combination of an unsuitable environment of low or changing relative humidity with the restraining effect of the paint layer often produces a permanent bowing of the panel, which is convex at the front surface.
The results show that the existence of Si in Zn-11%Al-3%Mg bath could affect the phase constitution of Fe-Al intermetallic layer and restrain remarkably the growth of the layer.
In particular, the 1 nm thick Si3N4 barrier layers was found to be sufficient in restraining the growth of Si NCs within the SRN layers upon high annealing processes.
More specifically, X-ray diffraction and photoelectron spectroscopy reveal that the ATO coating layer can restrain the Li+/Ni2+ disordering and the growth of SEI layer of NCA material, which are responsible for the improved cycling stability, especially at elevated temperatures.
The Fe diffusion into the newly formed outer NiAl layer is restrained by its solubility limit in the newly formed outer NiAl layer.
In the composite, the MnO2 nanospheres with a honeycomb-like structure are coated with PANI layers, in which MnO2 serve as a scaffold for PANI layer and PANI act as a protective coating layer to restrain MnO2 nanospheres from dissolution in acidic electrolyte, and causing a synergic effect.
The restraining effect of Ti on the growth of the Fe2Al5Znx layer is attributed to the occupation of Ti atoms in vacancies within the Fe2Al5Znx phase.
