At times an increase has seemed likely in order to restrain rising inflation expectations.
The long-term solution — a goal of the new health care reforms — is to restrain rising health care costs.
For years, Medicare mostly paid whatever bills health care providers submitted, but by the 1980's Congress decided it needed to restrain rising costs.
But he has also said that in periods of high unemployment the Fed sometimes should move more slowly to restrain rising inflation, and in his speech Friday he appeared to underscore that the Fed, at least in part, is trying to tell markets it plans to move more slowly.
High unemployment and a pullback in lending would restrain rising prices, he said.
Though these changes don't restrain the rising costs of maternity care, they at least ensure that pregnant women are not left paying for these services completely out of pocket.
In recent weeks, the talk of health care in the Capitol has been about restraining the rising cost of Medicaid, which has become the biggest piece of New York State's budget.
His comment seemed calculated to restrain the rising expectation here that the session between Mr. Putin and Mr. Bush, to be held Nov. 13 to 15 in Crawford, Tex., could mark a turning point in relations between Russia and the West.
That can be useful: labour treaties sometimes restrain wage rises that employers cannot afford.
Such a commitment, especially if made repeatedly, will restrain any rise in longer- term Treasury yields, Mr. Gross said.
