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Participants: Ten patients (6 women, 4 men; mean age, 42yr) with chronic low back pain (LBP) in the validity study; 32 LBP patients (16 women, 16 men; mean age, 52yr) in the reliability study; and 72 LBP patients (22 women, 50 men; mean age, 30yr) in the responsiveness study.
Therefore, the responsiveness study was performed separately according to groups defined by the score obtained in the Barthel Index.
By use of random numbers the 240 patients were selected to either the reliability or responsiveness study.
Therefore, the aim of a responsiveness study is to show that the instrument indeed measures the true amount of change that has occurred in the construct of interest.
The optimal design and analytic strategies for a responsiveness study are topics of much debate with little or no consensus [ 16, 95- 98].
Since it was not possible to define adequate cut-off points for the result of a responsiveness study, a positive rating was allocated when a suitable method for responsiveness had been used.
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Eight responsiveness studies all found the physical but not the cognitive subscales to be responsive to change [ 59, 65].
Objectives The aim of this study is to describe the fluid challenge techniques reported in fluid responsiveness studies and clinical trials and to assess whether there is a difference in the proportion of "responders" depending on the type of fluid, volume and duration of infusion.
More responsiveness studies comparing various preference-based instruments are required.
Traditional responsiveness studies administer two measures at the same time points, in the same situation, and to the same patients.
Many responsiveness studies, however, have been published (and still are) in which an instrument was considered responsive just because the effect size was larger than 0.8.
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Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
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