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Pharmacological responses with concentration up to 10−10 mol/L are explained using sound theoretical models, such as substrate enzyme or drug receptor interactions; growth factors and microelements have effects at lower concentrations (usually in the range 10−10/10−20), but dose effect relationships are usually apparent.
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Calibration curves of catechol and p-cresol showed good linear response with concentration in the micromolar range, and detection limits of 41 and 63 nM were found for catechol and p-cresol, respectively.
Surprisingly, AEBSF exerted a biphasic response with concentrations <300 µM increasing the signal (EC50 = 30 µM) and higher concentrations being inhibitory (IC50 = 0.42 mM).
Our demonstration of -epibatidine and 5-HT-elicited responses with predicted concentration ratio shifts from well known competitive antagonists provides a characterized cell system to distinguish defined receptor responses from indirect actions.
The ammonia response increased with concentration.
To account for all these variations, a multivariate, nonlinear calibration method is applied to associate instrumental responses with oil concentrations using artificial neural networks (ANNs).
After linear regression analysis (CI 95%), both gallic acid and quercetin showed linear responses with different concentrations in the residue analysis.
At equal amounts of C3b, C5 conversion was over 100-fold more efficient on the beads than in solution (Fig. 1d) (C5a in supernatant was quantified by comparing calcium responses with known concentrations of purified C5a; Additional file 1: Figure S1).
In this study, the active components isolated from AGTa against aldose reductase and α-glucosidase was identified as genistein and daidzein, even though the inhibitory responses varied with concentrations.
As for other CNS depressants, the locomotor effects of toluene follow a inverted U-shaped dose-response curve, with concentrations around 700 1000 p.p.m. inducing hyperlocomotion, an effect attributable to increased dopamine release in the nucleus accumbens (Lo et al, 2009; Riegel and French, 1999; Riegel et al, 2003).
PND15 normal pups showed a biphasic pain response with a concentration of 2% formalin injection.
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Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com