Upon activation, NF- κB is rapidly released from the complex of NF- κB/NF- κB inhibitor and translocated into the nucleus where a group of NF- κB-responsive effector genes involved in stress responses, inflammation, cell proliferation, and apoptosis can be regulated [ 35].
Activation of NF-κB through inhibitory phosphorylation of IκB by IKK complex leads to the nuclear translocation of NF-κB, where it stimulates the transcription of target genes that are involved in immune responses, inflammation and cell survival [14], [15].
For terms related to biological processes (Figure 6), 28 terms were overrepresented in the plasma-and-urine proteome, including those associated with response to stimulus, the immune system, stress responses, inflammation, wound repair, and coagulation.
The UPR also regulates oxidative stress responses, inflammation, and cell fate [ 4].
Our analysis focused on the mechanical responses, inflammation, remodeling, and production of oxidative stress in the airways and lung parenchyma.
In the cochlea, the main issues of viral vector gene delivery are the potential for immunological responses (inflammation) and toxicity.
They are very important players in innate and adaptive immune responses, inflammation, and tissue changes [ 13, 14].
Persistent pro-tumour immune responses (inflammation), now generally accepted as potentiating primary tumour development, are being recognized as mediators of cancer metastasis [ 22].
