Sentence examples for responses exert from inspiring English sources

While virus-specific cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) responses exert strong suppressive pressure on primary HIV replication [1] [7], the contribution of virus-specific antibodies in clearance of primary HIV infection has remained unclear [8].

In fact, when present, cellular and Ab anti-Tat responses exert protective roles to control virus replication and to delay disease progression, both in humans and monkeys [67] [72].

In contrast, Th1 responses exert more complex effects during the course of CIA.

Chronic and sustained stress responses exert powerful effects on health through complex hormonal regulatory systems including activation of hormonal axes and effects on immune function [ 49].

What selective pressures do pathological immune responses exert on the trajectory of parasite virulence evolution, beyond those exerted by protective immunity?

Impaired HSP and TRX-1 responses exert a negative impact on antioxidant defence and tissue protection in diabetic patients and experimental diabetes [ 4, 10].

Since the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha (PPARα) plays a central role in mediating the pleiotropic responses exerted by PPs, we have compared here the immunomodulating effects of the PPs perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) and Wy-14,643 in wild-type and PPARα-null mice.

CTL responses exerting stronger selection pressure also tended to decline earlier and faster.

CTL responses exerting strong selective pressure emerged early and led to rapid escape, proliferated rapidly and were predominant during acute/early infection.

iNKT cells display a powerful helper activity for adaptive T as well as B cell responses, exerted mainly via enhancing antigen presenting functions in DC [10], [11], which result in facilitated priming of peptide-specific CD4+ and CD8+ T cell responses.

For a direct comparison of the transcriptional responses exerted by the two different insects in this study, and to examine causal influences of the phytohormones JA, ethylene and SA, we conducted a path analysis.