A subset of patients received AAV empty capsid instead of saline in an effort to distinguish an immune response to vector versus minidystrophin transgene.
It is unclear why the recall response to vector antigens is greater in mice immunized with CVB4/p24 733).
This research suggests that in addition to the seroreactivity of the host to virus, it is important to take into account the immune response to vector feeding.
Both groups of immunized mice showed an anamnestic response to vector antigens because anti-CVB4 titers increased after immunization with more than one dose of virus (Fig. 4).
This research demonstrates that not only the seroreactivity of the host to virus is important, but the immune response to vector feeding may also play a role in the infection.[31] All animal experiments were performed in accordance within approved Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee (IACUC) guidelines.
First, this opens up a fascinating new direction within virology, to explore whether other viruses form transmission morphs in response to vector-sensing by the host.
Recent findings suggested that the human antibody (Ab) response to vector salivary proteins, injected in human skin during the bite, can be a relevant immunoepidemiological marker to evaluate human exposure to vector bites.
Secondary endpoints included measures of efficacy, transgene expression, antibody responses to vector and evidence of vector spread to peripheral blood cells (Table 4).
Key to the downstream development of a vaccine is the careful examination of host immunological responses to vector salivary proteins among persons naturally pre-exposed to sand fly bites.
Another important problem in the treatment of DMD patients arose for their possible immune response to vectors-carried dystrophin.
Other therapeutic strategies, such as gene therapy, have been explored but several limitations exist, which include low viral vector transduction efficiency, host immune response to the vector, and vector toxicity.
