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We hypothesise that in nonimmune individuals in low-transmission areas (e.g. SE Asia), any parasite isolate that invades red cells efficiently and sequesters adequately can reach a high parasite burden and cause severe disease before the host's immune system mounts a specific antibody response to variant surface antigens to remove IEs.
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Initially, we investigated the ability of the molecular adjuvant C3d to enhance antibody responses to variant gp120 glycoproteins in phosphate-buffered saline (PBS).
Thus, we predicted that HLA-B*35 -Py+ individuals would exhibit T-cell responses to variant peptides more frequently than individuals with HLA-B*35-Px alleles.
Our data also suggested that T-cell responses to conserved peptides (e.g. patients 510096, 510097, and 510013) or highly cross-reactive T-cell responses to variant peptides (patients 510082 and 510121) were associated with slow disease progression in HLA-A∗30-B∗13-C∗06-positive patients.
It is likely that SNPs located at surface positions result in a decreased antibody response to the variant epitope and may lead to immune evasion.
A comparative study of the reactivity of each plasma with respect to each of the variants shows that the response to both variants was strongly correlated (Pearson's test r = 0.8, p<.0001; Figure 6D), confirming that the VAR2CSA domaindomain contained conserved epitopes.
The levels of IFN-γ-secreting T cells were increased after immunization with the Mal d 1 variants, while in the case of Cor a 1 the IFN-γ response to all variants was comparable to WT.
We measured population activity in primary auditory cortex of anesthetized guinea pig in response to three variants of a naturally produced sentence.
The aim of this study was to present a systematic review investigating the gene expression of various cells (other than dental pulp cells) in response to different variants of tricalcium silicate cements (TSCs).
Our data indicate that the use of both genetically engineered norovirus VLPs that incorporate relevant epitopes from multiple strains and multivalent vaccine formulations increase the breadth of the immune response to diverse variants within a genotype and, thus, prove helpful in the rational design of VLP-based vaccines against human noroviruses.
Therefore, a general strategy to improve the response to peptide variants such as the WMF peptide should be considered.
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