Numerous studies have shown that allergens are not solely responsible for the severity of the asthmatic response (reviewed in[ 3]).
The plant actin cytoskeleton is involved in a range of cellular processes, including stress response (reviewed in Hussey et al., 2006; Staiger and Blanchoin, 2006; Drobak et al., 2004).
The response to dermatophytes is characterized by a delayed-type hypersensitivity response (reviewed in [13]).
These pathways interact at various levels within the signaling process to ensure an appropriate biological response (reviewed in [25]).
Naïve CD4+ T cells can differentiate into T helper (Th) subsets with distinct functions and effects on the adaptive immune response (reviewed in [21], [22], [23]).
The murine model of tularemia is well characterized in terms of pathogenesis and immune response (reviewed in [35]) and represents an accessible animal model for defining the immunogenicity of the lot 16 LVS formulation.
These findings emphasized the evolutionary conservation of the TLRs and suggested that these molecules play a fundamental role in the early detection of pathogens and the appropriate subsequent innate immune response (reviewed in [3], [4]).
To promote proper implantation and protect the fetal allograft from rejection during pregnancy, the maternal immunologic state shifts from a predominantly cell-mediated response to a humoral response (reviewed in [29]).
Although originally described as mediators of bacterial programmed cell death, studies now suggest that TA modules also act as regulators of the stringent response (reviewed in [159]) and are widely present on chromosomes of diverse bacteria [160].
Activation of NFAT5 by hypertonicity involves different layers of regulation that include its rapid nuclear translocation, induction of its transcriptional activity, and its enhanced synthesis to provide additional amplification of the osmoprotective response (reviewed in [2], [17]).
In Arabidopsis the CONSTANS COO) gene plays a key role in photoperiod response (reviewed by [9]), but other members of the family are also likely to be involved in flowering (e.g. COL5 [44]).
