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This was done to show that (non)response propensity is independent of teacher or school characteristics.
If a bird responded to fewer deviators than this mean minus two times the standard error, the bird's response propensity was considered to be below average and this session was repeated once.
In each phase, the response propensity is unknown in advance.
Groves summarised five theoretical models relating response propensity to the likelihood of non-response bias [ 60].
44 Current work is being undertaken to develop response propensity weighting adjustments in the MCS4 accelerometer study.
Response propensity then declined beyond age 79, with patients aged 80-89 (odds ratio 3.59) less likely to respond than those aged 60-69 (odds ratio 4.53).
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Establishing the impact of response propensities on teachers' characteristics was analyzed as a second step.
At the student level, associations between response propensities, gender and students' information and computer literacy (ICILS´ main outcome variable) were explored.
Note, since the practical implementation of such questionnaires is pending, we cannot yet evaluate whether the items do also correlate with response propensities.
One possibility would be to estimate the response propensities of respondents by logistic regression models and compute the weight adjustment factors based on these models (e.g., Lepidus Carlson and Williams 2001; Watson 2012).
If there were no difference between the respondents and non-respondents, we would expect equal response propensities and no variation.
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