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Based on chi-square tests, no statistically significant difference exists between response professional and layperson ascription of responsibility.
The next day, Moscow's mayor said that the protest on Tverskaya had been "a villainous and dangerous provocation" and called the police response "professional and appropriate".
Finally, our results underscore the need for more detailed studies of hazard knowledge, risk perception, and preparedness among the response professional community.
Table 7 Interpretation of the Mount Baker volcanic hazard map by response professionals and laypeople Response professional Laypeople Which hazards impact the Skagit Valley?
The lack of improvement in household preparedness among response professional respondents may originate because public and professional participation in hazard management represent fundamentally different types of participation.
With 95% of laypeople already claiming that they are responsible for their own safety, there is not much room for improvement among the response professional community.
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Given this emphasis on public participation's positive influence on personal responsibility, the similarity between the ascription of responsibility beliefs of response professionals and laypeople in our study seems to contradict expectations.
Statistically, both response professionals and laypeople assign responsibility for their personal safety and provision of resources in a similar manner (Fig. 3).
Fig. 3 Responsibility ascribed to various entities by response professionals and laypeople for safety and resources.
Fig. 4 Self-efficacy ratings by response professionals and laypeople.
Response professionals express greater perceived self-efficacy than laypeople.
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Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com