Despite widespread recognition that landforms are complex Earth systems with process-response linkages that span temporal scales from seconds to millennia and spatial scales from sand grains to landscapes, research that integrates knowledge across these scales is fairly uncommon.
In the case of toxicologic independence, single stressor data are sufficient to estimate the joint exposure-response linkage as long as the toxicity modes of action are biologically independent and there are no pretoxicity interactions (e.g., metabolic inhibition).
A variational theorem is then derived by using the Stieltjes convolution notation which enables the equations governing the geometrically-non-linear dynamic response of linkages fabricated in linear viscoelastic composite materials to be systematically established.
The evidence from animal experiments, treatment response and linkage study suggests that OPRM1 may be a gene contributing to the liability of tobacco smoking and nicotine dependence.
These studies have provided valuable insights into nitrogen response and its linkage to other biological pathways.
So far, these studies have provided valuable insights into N response and its linkage to other biological pathways.
As noted in literature regarding health sector responses to IPV, linkages to community agencies may be a critical component of success [ 29].
b) Community response and its linkage with health services Peer educators for condom use and needle and syringe program were encouraged to systematically refer their clients to VCT (Table 2).
6) Community response and its linkage with health services Extensive peer educator schemes established by local health services can be regarded as a major breakthrough in reaching and serving hard-to-reach populations and to ensure adherence to HIV treatment.
Also unique to Premier Russet leaves inoculated with PVYO at 4 hpi were the biological process GO terms "protein chromophore linkage", "response to auxin stimulus", "negative regulation of peptidase activity" (Fig. 4), and the molecular function GO term "N-acetyltransferase activity" (see Additional file 4).
Four biological process GO terms were enriched in the incompatible reaction between PVYO and Premier Russet but not in either compatible reaction between PVYNTN and Premier Russet or PVYO and Russet Burbank, i.e. "photosynthesis, light harvesting", "protein-chromophore linkage", "response to auxin stimulus", and "negative regulation of peptidase activity".
