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The response choice for knowledge questions consisted of 'agree'disagreeree' and 'don't know' options.
Hence, the parameters estimated are decrements associated with each response choice for the items.
Following Ware et al. [ 2], the most favorable response choice for a question was the holdout category.
Since the most favorable response choice for each item is the reference group, the y-intercept is the PCS-12 or MCS-12 score for a person who is in the best possible health (respondent selects the most positive response choice for all questions).
Questionnaire items had a 4-point Likert-type response scale ranging from "not at all" to "extremely", with an additional "not applicable/I don't know" response choice for some of them.
The mean response choice for each item (difficulty index) ranged from 2.11 to 3.60, which suggests that all items are moderately spread around the centre of the four response choices (1. Always; 2. Sometimes; 3. Rarely; 4. Not at all).
Similar(52)
While this confirms the previous report of the unidimensional nature of the GHQ-12, it suggests that the proposed mechanism of ambiguous response choices for the negatively phrased items is not fully responsible for the response bias.
Third, the response choices for questions were more intuitively laid out - specifically for items allowing weighting on linear scales (e.g., anchors with 'most' and 'least'least
Response choices for these items included statements that reflect the common intuitive ideas that an organism's fitness is defined by their longevity, strength, or success in obtaining food.
The response choices for these items contained the scientifically accepted response that traits change through random genetic processes and intuitive ideas that relate to the environment causing genetic changes, gene mutations without a specified mechanism for how this change leads to variation in a population, and no genetic basis for change.
Response choices for the items were on 2-, 3-, 5- or 6-point scales.
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Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com