Let be the orthonormal receiver processor matrices and the orthonormal transmit processor matrices,, given by the zero forcing algorithm closed-form or iteralgorithm closed-form applying the UL pilor responses as a reference.
This included the instructions and the response categories as a reference to use during the interview if they preferred.
The developed method uses a disturbance estimation, a nominal controller that assumes the cancellation of the disturbance inputs and an error controller that guides the trajectory of the plant states using the nominal response as a tracking reference.
The affinity (KD) of partial agonists was determined from their concentration-response curves using a full agonist concentration-response curve as a reference and the operational model of partial agonism (Leff et al., 1993; Baker et al., 2003a).
The single cylinder response was used as a reference to highlight the interference effects.
A silicon photodiode with a known frequency response was used as a reference for all IMPS experiments.
To determine what constitutes a good response we use as a reference the IC50 distribution over all pairs (cell line, drug), after performing a z-transformation of the IC50s in a logarithmic scale (Fig. 1a, solid line).
The approach of using pain response to injections in individuals to generalise to populations has been criticised for a number of reasons, including the validity of using response to injection as a reference standard, somatotopic imprecision in the low back, selection bias, spectrum bias, and a lack of concordance in replication studies.
Using responses to COHb as a reference, it was possible to detect the presence of other toxicants present in combustion products.
The response under dark condition serves as a reference for the responses under illumination (Figure 3c,d).
