There was less evidence for increased risk of never being in the appropriate state to respond to orientation (missing data for all orientation items) across quartiles of cord serum PCBs, TEQ, and DDE.
An early experiment on adult cats performed by Creutzfeldt and Heggelund revealed a decrease in the number of neurons optimally responding to vertical orientation exposed in a striped environment for 1 hr, twice a day during 2 weeks [38].
The error rate data (see Figure 5) showed a main effect of target-decoy separation, F 1,12) = 9.94, p<0.05, ηp2 = 0.45, indicating that participants were more accurate in responding to the orientation of the target when the target and decoy were far apart compared to when they were near each other.
They found horizontal connections between cells responding to similar orientations.
Maximum likelihood estimates of the probability of responding with the probed orientation, proportion of responding to non-probed orientations, and proportion of random responses or guessing were estimated together with the variability in recall of target orientation.
This type of unit makes abstractions of a higher order, responding to direction of orientation but not to position.
From this perspective, it is possible that the reduction in coherence reported by Zhou et al. (2008) arises because of the activation of cells with dissimilar properties responding to the new orientation components added by the noise.
Participants performed an orientation discrimination task where they responded to the orientation of a target (a green or orange T) while ignoring a decoy (an L of the other color) among gray distractors.
Three questions are at the heart of this debate: Must research in medical education maintain a heavily applied orientation (responding to the needs of faculties of medicine in the education of doctors) or should it be more open to theoretical questions?
The reduced response to horizontal orientation, for example, was suggested to be a normalization mechanism to account for the fact that more cortical neurons respond to cardinal orientations than oblique orientations (Mannion et al. 2010).
