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By dynamic imaging of the respiratory pump, the mechanical components of ventilation can be assessed regionally.
The respiratory muscles constitute the respiratory pump, which determines the efficacy of ventilation.
Together with lung perfusion and gas exchange, ventilation, as a result of the interaction of the respiratory pump and the lungs, is an indispensable component of lung function.
The respiratory pump is versatile, capable of increasing its output 25 times, from a normal resting level of about six litres (366 cubic inches) per minute to 150 litres per minute in adults.
Thus, fish may expend about 20 percent of their total oxygen consumption in running the respiratory pump, as compared with about 1 to 2 percent in mammals, including humans.
These comprise, among others, respiratory pump failure and intermittent failure of the immature respiratory rhythm generator and control of breathing.
Similar(40)
The primary biomechanical problems in the design of aquatic respiratory pumps stem from the physical and chemical properties of water: high density, high viscosity, and low oxygen content.
The biomechanical challenges for aerial respiratory pumps stem from predation risk, hydrostatic pressure, buoyancy, surface tension, and mechanical conflicts between breathing and feeding.
Nonetheless, aerial and aquatic respiratory pumps do share one biomechanical challenge stemming from the fact that muscles only generate force in the direction of shortening.
It is a simple matter for muscle contraction to generate positive pressure and force fluid out of a cavity, but respiratory pumps also require an expansive phase to refill the cavity with new fluid.
Although ventilatory measurements are capable of assessing the functional status of the respiratory pumping apparatus, such measurements are generally not capable of assessing the status of the other functional component of the respiratory system, namely, the gas exchange unit or lung.
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