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Shaker R, Li Q, Ren J et al. Coordination of deglutition and phases of respiration: effect of aging, tachypnea, bolus volume, and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.
Electrocardiogram-derived respiration algorithms based on both beat morphology and HR may be appropriate when only a single-lead ECG is available and the respiration effect on that lead is not pronounced.
To elucidate the respiration effect, the acquisition was triggered at the beginning of deep inhalation, deep exhalation and breath holding.
As demonstrated in a simplified scheme in Fig. 6, this mechanism could bring forth at least two effects; one to reduce ROS formation generated from respiration (effect I) and the other to increase the level of ethanol and NAD+/NADH (effect II).
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In particular, there may be movement artefact due to respiration effects, which is increasingly recognised [ 5].
Stimulus-correlated motion and circulation or respiration effects are thus unlikely to cause the observed signal changes.
The single knock outs were regulators for respiration effecting a large number of genes and also the treatment was rather unspecific (growth in oxygen rich and deprived conditions).
To date, the interactive mechanisms of N and acid deposition on soil respiration (nutrient effect vs. acidification effect) remain unclear, because most studies only focused on simulating N deposition.
Under normal aerobic growth conditions and high glucose concentrations, the high rate of fermentation inhibits the synthesis of enzymes involved in respiration; this effect is known as the Crabtree effect [ 66].
Indeed, tumour cells, which display increased glycolysis, over-activation of the pentose phosphate pathway, partially repressed respiration (Warburg effect) and a general increase in biosynthetic metabolic rates [ 51, 52], are more sensitive to acetate than untransformed cells.
This paper details the complexity of modeling the three-dimensional thermofluid domain between the inner surface of the suit and under garments that includes mass as well as heat transfer, suiting geometry, human metabolism and respiration and effects of limb movements.
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