Within these frameworks, there is a joint focus on analysing the actors involved in transition processes and their incentive structures, informed by actor positions, the resources actors have and the layered institutions that coordinate, guide, influence and sometimes constrain actor behaviour.
A health action is defined as 'any set of activities whose primary intent is to improve or maintain health' and a health system encompasses 'the resources, actors and institutions related to the financing, regulation and provision of health action'.
ToxCast is also a major driver of the development of the Aggregated Computational Toxicology Resource (ACToR) project [42].
To predict the properties and toxicity of substances on the basis of already existing data and computer-based models, the EPA has created the electronic information system, Aggregated Computational Toxicology Resource (ACToR) [45], which is associated with the predictive EPA programme ToxCast™ [46].
One critically important goal is to make all Tox21 data publicly accessible via various databases, including the NTP's Chemical Effects in Biological Systems (CEBS; NTP 2013a), the U.S. EPA's Aggregated Computational Toxicology Resource (ACToR; Judson et al. 2012, U.S. EPA 2013a), PubChem, and the NCATS Tox21 Chemical Browser (NCATS 2013b), to encourage independent evaluations of Tox21 findings.
Resources are actors and non-actors of which the latter is either consumable, or non-consumable.
Actor-actor reliable transport protocol (A2RT) [17] seeks to provide realtime and reliable data delivery between partitioned resource-rich actor nodes whose connectivity is bridged by resource-constrained sensor nodes.
This paper borrows actor-centred power (ACP) of Krott et al. (2014), which offers an analytical approach to understand the empirical power resources of actors in social-political relationships.
Ben Ali's regime might have been cruel, but, like all states, it is a resource-constrained actor: it cannot be everywhere at once; it cannot arrest hundreds of thousands of people, and it cannot easily crush a mass uprising.
Private property rights regimes have traditionally been considered the most effective institutional arrangement to allocate scarce goods and combat what has been termed the "tragedy of the commons" – the depletion of scarce common resources by actors who disregard the carrying capacity of the land and bear no costs for their actions.
