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When the resource influx is high, generalists dominate, and adaptive radiation and specialization do not occur.
Resource influx has a strong effect on the degree of specialization, with a clear transition between minimal diversification at high influx and multiple species evolving at low resource influx.
The variable population size simulation is very sensitive to the balance between the resource influx and decay.
By far the two biggest factors affecting the degree of specialization are the resource influx and trade-offs.
High resource influx results in a population of generalists because in this case there is little competition for resources.
For these reasons we were unable to run the variable population size simulations with resource influx lower than λ=2·10-4 λ=2·10-4er thand4·10-3.
Low resource influx quickly leads to extinction, while high influx lead to a population explosion that quickly becomes difficult to handle computationally.
At low resource influx, the population occasionally goes extinct when it cannot diversify from the initial specialist phenotype fast enough to gain high fitness.
At low resource influx the degree of specialization further depends on the strength of the trade-offs, with more ecotypes evolving the stronger trade-offs are.
Thus, at low resource influx selection can easily differentiate between an organism that only uses a scarce resource from one that uses an abundant one.
The sustained degree of specialization at low influx is unlike experiments in Avida [ 26], where specialization was observed only at intermediate resource influx, and not at very low or very high influx.
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Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com