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But Mr. Wright and Mr. Czelusta point out that almost every one of these studies uses the proportion of exports of the particular natural resource as a proxy for a nation's mineral abundance.
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We included location-specific variables such as metro/non-metro and ERS Resource region (Figure 2) as a proxy for local labor market conditions.
To address these questions, we here develop an evolutionary-systems-biology model of the chemotaxis network of E. coli, which we apply to estimate the resource accumulation rate (here used as a proxy for fitness) of wildtype and a large number of potential mutant genotypes.
Resource consumption can be applied as a proxy of severity.
Resource consumption has been applied as a proxy of severity, especially at the hospital level for various purposes.
Hence, we further used the model coefficients as a proxy for resource use diversity.
This is supported by the slope of the relationship between vf-indDOC and rIinflow (as a proxy for resource use diversity), which correlates better with bacterial beta diversity than with flow heterogeneity (r2 = 0.97, P<0.001, Figure S3a) and also exhibits strong partial correlation with beta diversity holding flow heterogeneity (SDRxyz) constant (partial R = −0.99, P = 0.001).
As a proxy for resource consumption, a modified form [ 2] of the nursing care recording (NCR) system [ 3] was used.
For example, we use family size as a proxy for resource stress, but we cannot be sure that there isn't something systematically different about large sibships that drives their association with later menarche.
We used LOS as a proxy for resource consumption but LOS is only one of several factors (e.g. amount of service provision per day) that lead to costs.
To disentangle whether the levels of integration observed in a population are due to genetic constraints or to resource availability, Torices and Méndez (2014) proposed a size-controlled integration index using a modification of the widely used Wagner (1984) index, in which the size of the studied structure, as a proxy of resource availability, is taken into account.
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