Recent bylaws specify an exclusive forum for litigation of corporate governance claims, limit shareholder claims to resolution through arbitration, and (most controversially) impose a one-way regime of fee shifting on shareholder litigants.
All 18 athletes who have gone through arbitration with the anti-doping agency have received a sanction.
They had signed a "take it or leave it" form that required them to resolve disputes through arbitration and barred them from banding together with others, whether in arbitration or in court.
But the couple had signed a standard contract with AT&T that required them to resolve disputes through arbitration - a private legal proceeding -- and barred them from banding together with other customers to seek class-action treatment, whether through arbitration or in a lawsuit brought in a traditional court.
Arbitration is actually a highly flexible process whose ground rules are open to negotiation (for more on the differences between arbitration and mediation, read also Undecided on Your Dispute Resolution Process? Combine Mediation and Arbitration with Med-Arb).
The resolution of international disputes through arbitration raises complex issues of jurisdiction, law and culture.
"In the future, we encourage other South China Sea claimants, including Vietnam, to seek similar resolution of maritime disputes through arbitration as well as by negotiation among the parties," U.S. Sens. John McCain (R-Ariz).
Study selection was performed independently by three reviewers (KX, SM, JMS), with disagreements resolved through arbitration by a fourth reviewer (WCL).
Any disputes were to be resolved through arbitration in London.
Forty-eight players remain in arbitration, with hearings scheduled through Feb. 21.
The proposal also restores "pre-dispute arbitration agreements," which allow colleges to force students to sign waivers saying they will settle their disputes with institutions through arbitration.
