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Although some immunized mice with low or undetectable neutralizing antibodies were also protected, depletion of T-cells prior to challenge resulted in the majority of mice remaining resistant to challenge.
In RC plants, fully recovered leaves contained no detectable PVA RNA, were highly resistant to challenge inoculation with PVA, and had barely detectable steady-state levels of transgene mRNA; transgene-homologous siRNA was not detected, in contrast to leaves undergoing recovery.
Furthermore, the offspring of vaccinated hens developed stronger natural immunity to Eimeria, so that they were resistant to challenge infection even at 8 weeks of age, well after all maternal antibodies had left their circulation.
In a study investigating the contributions of type I and II IFN antiviral responses to Sindbis virus infection, wild-type and IFN-γ receptor KO (G129) mice were found to be resistant to challenge, whereas the IFN-α/β receptor KO (A129) and the double KO AG129 mice succumbed to infection [9].
The seroreactivity of 1 rat suggests that these animals should be examined more carefully as potential sentinels; rats are known to be relatively resistant to challenge with virulent type A organisms (11 ).
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Overall, while most participants claimed they felt unaffected by current warnings, they diminished the threats presented either by interpreting the messages as too distal to be relevant or by using ad hoc, time-resistant, examples to challenge their validity.
All surviving tumour-free mice pooled from three independent experiments were resistant to re-challenge with EG7 cells demonstrating effective recall responses (Fig 6E).
# - Resistance to secondary challenge – number of cured mice that were resistant to secondary challenge is shown.
The recognition of carbapenem-resistant K. pneumoniae continues to challenge automated susceptibility systems.
Exo2 rendered cells strongly resistant to STx challenge, but the level of resistance varied with toxin exposure times.
The Asian rice gall midge (Orseolia oryzae Wood-Mason) biotype 1 (GMB1) was used to challenge the resistant rice variety RP2068-18-3-5 (RP henceforth) under greenhouse conditions [at the Indian Institute of Rice Research, (formerly Directorate of Rice Research) Hyderabad] for the current study.
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