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The Xpert assay correctly detected RIF resistance in 6 out of the 7 resistant samples.
We then went on to generate transposon mutagenized libraries; screen with a selection reagent; detect the insertion sites in resistant samples; and finally link the insertion events (genotype) to the resistance (phenotype).
An EST matching a cuticular protein gene is also highly expressed in the resistant samples suggesting that this enzyme family could potentially be involved in pyrethroid resistance as already been suggested in An. gambiae and An.
Katayama et al also found high-level of c-KIT gene amplification in 2 out of 18 resistant samples.
No prediction model was able to reliably foresee the product performances; in particular, the correspondence with the excellent experimental behaviour of the most resistant samples is lacking.
For example, the M41L assay combined seven different mutation-specific primers for the detection of both the CTT and CTC mutant codons within the polymorphic sequences of the resistant samples.
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In New York, USA, embC had only 2 EMB resistance-associated nonsynonymous, N394D and R738E, in 75 EMB-resistant samples, and 8 EMB resistance-associated amino acid replacements were identified in embA [ 23].
However, rather than using an SDE derived from a generic disease state, the authors derived a gene expression signature that differentiated acute lymphoblastic leukaemia samples sensitive to glucocorticoids from glucocorticoid-resistant samples, hence generating a drug resistance SDE rather than the SDE of a disease.
To summarize, we identified 185 HIV-1 resistance genes that discriminate between HIV-1-resistant samples and HIV-1-susceptible samples.
We further analyzed 44 genes that showed significantly different expressions between PTX-sensitive samples and PTX-resistant samples with permutation tests, which were common in cell lines and patients' tumors.
The rest of the drug-resistant samples were purely CCR5-tropic.
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