The fraction of retreatment cases that is resistant reflects the past incidence of drug-resistance among new cases, the risk of acquired resistance among individuals initially infected with drug-sensitive strains, and the relative effectiveness of treatment for those with drug-resistant compared to drug-sensitive disease.
The fraction of new cases that is resistant reflects both the relative number of existing infectious cases of drug-resistant and drug-sensitive TB and the relative transmissibility of drug-resistant compared with drug-sensitive M. tuberculosis.
After all, the prevalence of resistance reflects the risk of a drug-resistant infection for any given patient.
HFD-fed hamsters were insulin resistant as reflected by hyperinsulinemia as well as significantly increased HOMA-IR values (Table 2).
At 4.5 months after surgery, we hypothesize that IT-operated animals had become relatively more insulin resistant, as reflected by the increase in HOMA-IR at this time point, but were able to compensate for this in part through an expansion of β-cell mass.
However, LB1-treated rats displayed a 8-10 mg/dL increase in fasting plasma glucose levels compared to vehicle-treated rats and were significantly more insulin resistant as reflected by the ~30% reduction in glucose infusion rate required to maintain euglycemia during the hyperinsulinemic clamp.
Their more resistant nature is reflected in the fact that, in rare occasions, quilted fossils are found within storm beds as the high-energy sedimentation did not destroy them as it would have the less-resistant discs.
Notably, the gene expression pattern shows further that the additive effects of both drugs on the proliferation of sensitive and resistant cells are reflected by a co-operative effect on gene expression.
An increased risk of resistant UTI may reflect selection of resistant organisms (through previous antibiotic use), or transmission of resistant organisms from others.
It leads to the generation of multidrug-resistant infections reflecting an urgent need to discover new approaches to fight against MDR or XDR infections.
