We conclude that the relevant parameter is the average slope of the slow frequency modulation of the carrier frequency, a propagation-resistant parameter, enabling species identity information to be transmitted at long range.
With a soft risk map of earthquake, a licensee designing a nuclear power station can reasonably adjust the earthquake-resistant parameters to avoid underestimating earthquake.
The sender's challenge is to control the « active space » of its signal either to maximize the audience or to target given individuals by coding the different categories of information in more or less 'propagation-resistant' sound parameters.
Upon replication, the wild type mutates with given probability to a resistant variant with parameters drawn from the distribution f R (r, σ).
The existing formulae for resistant forces need different parameter values for different loading frequencies.
Here it could be argued that the parameter is resistant against the influence of sexual motivation.
Indeed, one might comment that such multi-site and autocatalytic effects are required to overwhelm normal defences precisely because human metabolic and signalling systems are 'robust' systems that have evolved topologies that are resistant or robust to parameter changes (see e.g. [ 2266- 2291]).
The effects of the antibiotic on fecal aerobic and anaerobic populations, selection of bacteria resistant to tetracycline, metabolic parameters of the microflora, and maintenance of the intestinal barrier against exogenous Salmonella (resistance to colonization) were recorded.
Thick black lines indicate robust connections, resistant to changes in parameters specified in the SAINT algorithm (SAINT score >0.8, and robustness >0.5).
This study was designed to investigate some aspects of the local immune response against H. contortus and parasitological parameters comparing resistant and susceptible Creole kids after experimental infection with H. contortus third stage larvae (L3).
Therefore, we do not suggest that trait effects are unimportant or that selective effects are the only relevant parameter for managing resistant infections, only that disentangling the effects of resistance alleles at different levels of organization will be beneficial and that using more specific terminology would be a good start.
