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Cell lines that have been conditioned to become resistant over time in this way are very valuable because they mimic what happens in patients who stop responding to therapy.
It now remains to be seen whether these viruses that evolve increase neutralization sensitivity will continue to be sensitive or will become resistant over time.
Our results raise an important secondary question: Why have the more interferon sensitive genotypes (e.g. genotype 2) not become equally resistant over time, especially given the high mutation rate of HCV?
Although many tumours initially respond to therapy, a large number become resistant over time.
However, most tumors typically become resistant over time resulting in repopulation of the original tumor site and development of other metastases [ 8].
Human coronary artery endothelial cells grown to confluence at 37°C and then transferred to 25°C become resistant over time to oxidative stress and injury induced by 0°C storage and rewarming.
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The trend in the occurrence of resistant isolates over time, the occurrence of multidrug-resistant isolates over time, and the occurrence of nalidixic acid resistant isolates were investigated by fitting a logistic regression model with origin (domestic/imported), time (year), product type (beef, pork, poultry), and all 2-way interactions as explanatory variables.
Traditionally, heating specialists covered these seams with gray duct tape, but this tape is not heat resistant, and over time it deteriorates.
Estimating competitive fitness requires monitoring the change in relative frequencies of otherwise isogenic sensitive and resistant strains over time.
This strain is a member of the Euro-American strain family and was first described in this region in 1994, evolving into an increasingly resistant phenotype over time (29 ).
Time series analysis was first performed for trend of antibiotic prescription and antimicrobial resistant bacteria over time; and if significant, cross-correlation analysis was then performed to measure the impact of ertapenem on micro-ecology and antibiotic utilization via STATA version 10 (StataCorp LP, Texas USA).
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