However, there is considerable evidence that senescent, apoptosis-resistant lymphocytes may accumulate in vivo, as individuals age (Hsu et al, 2005).
The displacement of mature wt lymphocytes by bim −/− or bcl-2 tg cells observed in our competitive reconstitution experiments may, therefore, simply mirror the cumulative survival of apoptosis-resistant lymphocytes throughout development.
B-cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia (B-CLL) is a neoplasia of the immune system due to an accumulation of clonal B lymphocytes resistant to apoptosis.
Ben Ahmed, M. et al. IL-15 renders conventional lymphocytes resistant to suppressive functions of regulatory T cells through activation of the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase pathway.
To counteract these immunomodulatory activities, CAR-T lymphocytes resistant to TGF-β suppression have been generated by the expression of a dominant negative TGF-β receptor, demonstrating their superior antitumor activity in animal models34.
High levels of Bcl-2 and Bcl-x render intestinal intraepithelial lymphocytes resistant to apoptosis by glucocorticoids (Van Houten et al, 1997).
Our data show that these potentially pathogenic anti-GAD65 autoantibodies are secreted by long-lived plasma cells, which may either be persistent or develop from rituximab-resistant memory B lymphocytes.
The model, which includes the latent and progressive stages of the disease and introduces chemotherapy, is a system of differential equations describing the interaction of two distinct classes of HIV (drug-sensitive [wild type] and drug-resistant [mutant]) with lymphocytes in the peripheral blood; the external lymphoid system contributes to the viral load.
Mice deficient in T and B lymphocytes were resistant to MPTP-induced neurodegeneration.
Studies have shown that severely immunodeficient mice lacking B and T lymphocytes are resistant to peripheral prion infection, but susceptibility can be restored following BM transplantation [3], [4].
