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To increase tumor sensitivity to TRAIL death receptor-mediated apoptosis and to overcome drug resistance, TRAIL receptor ligands have already been combined with various therapies in preclinical models.
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Despite their resistance to TRAIL (recombinant TRAIL protein or Ad-stTRAIL), U373-MG and ACBRI371 cells expressed TRAIL receptors DR4 and DR5 (data not shown).
While these cells showed resistance to TRAIL in vitro, no impact was observed on sensitivity to TRAIL treatment in vivo after intratibial injection.
Recent studies indicate that TRAIL-induced apoptosis occurs through a caspase signaling cascade and that resistance to TRAIL is controlled by intracellular regulators of apoptosis.
Thus, Jurkat-TRAIL cells exhibit resistance towards TRAIL-induced apoptosis, which may result from clonal selection.
SW620 cells exhibited resistance to TRAIL treatment (Fig. 1A&B).
Consistently, it has been shown that the activation of the Akt pathway is closely associated with drug resistance including TRAIL resistance [11], [12].
Resistance to TRAIL (TNF-related apoptosis-inducing ligand)- induced apoptosis limits its therapeutic use.
While HSC3, HSC3M3 and HN5 cells were very sensitive to SM, they displayed complete resistance to TRAIL.
On the other hand, overexpression of galectin-3 in human bladder carcinoma cells activates Akt and confers resistance to TRAIL.
Two of such clones, Jurkat32H 'clone 2-42' (Jurkat32H-Bcl-XL) and Jurkat32H 'clone 2-51' (Jurkat32H-FLIP), were analysed by flow cytometry for the resistance to TRAIL.
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