Without immediate action, they said, artemisinin resistance would follow the arc of chloroquine resistance, race westward through Myanmar into Bangladesh and India, and ultimately into Africa, destroying all the gains of the past decade.
In contrast to race non-specific Bgh resistance, race specific resistance usually permits fungal penetration into the host cell, but restricts further spread of the fungus by triggering plant cell death [ 16].
The transcript abundance was higher in root than in leaf for 'L-10', suggesting that the gene might play a role in the SCN resistance to race 3 and race 14.
Aus299 and Aus 307 exhibited resistance to race 9 and three more races in the absence of the putative xa5 allele.
Two of these genotypes, Aus299 and Aus307, exhibited resistance to race 9 and three more races in the absence of the putative xa5 allele.
The same model deduced for resistance to race 3 is valid for resistance to races 7, 19 and 449, all genes showing close co-segregation.
Among these loci, the recessive xa5, encoding the gamma subunit of transcription factor IIA, is the only gene to be linked with resistance to Race 9 and furthermore confers broad-spectrum resistance to Philippine races 1, 2, 3, 5, 7, 8, and 10 (Iyer and McCouch 2004; Nino-Liu et al. 2006).
The average adult plant disease severity of lines with seedling resistance to race TTKSK was lower in all four environments than lines susceptible to this race (t-test p-value of 0.02 at α = 0.05; Additional file 1).
Moreover, Kazi et al. and Ferreira et al. [ 17, 19, 49, 54] confirmed the effect of Rhg4 on resistance to race 3 and 14, while Rhg4 was less associated with resistance to races 1, 2, 4 and 5.
Most of the lines screened for seedling resistance against race TTKSK were susceptible, and only 15 (6 %) showed resistant reactions (IT 22+ or lower) (Fig. 1b).
There were 218 BC1 plants having the pedigree Rusty 5D 5B /DAS15//47-1 5D(5B) tested for resistance to race TMLKC, and these plants segregated 89 susceptible to 129 resistant.
