Sixty-seven percent virologic failures harbored viruses with ≥ 1 drug resistant mutations (DRMs); M184V/K103N was the predominant resistance pathway.
The aerenchyma provides a low resistance pathway for internal oxygen movement within the roots (Colmer [2002]).
These experiments lead to the putative disease resistance pathway shown in Fig. 1.
The genes that act downstream of the disease resistance pathway are collectively called defense genes.
The goal of glaucoma filtering surgery is to create a low resistance pathway for aqueous outflow.
These positive and negative regulators may function antagonistically in disease resistance pathway to fine tune the defense responses.
A common phenomenon in both compatible interactions was up-regulation of genes involved in primary metabolism, nutrient metabolism, transporters, and DNA synthesis and down-regulation of defense and secondary metabolism that suppresses the plant resistance pathway against the pest.
The unique LRR domain might function in specific recognition of a BPH effector, with consequent activation of the defense response, possibly through induction of a SA-dependent resistance pathway (Du et al. 2009).
Although the genes tested were not all precisely positioned on the disease resistance pathway, they can be tentatively attributed to four major steps in this pathway: recognition, signaling, transcription, and defense response.
This figure illustrates that genes in the three major steps of the disease resistance pathway are known in rice, opening the possibility to assess the usefulness of each category of gene.
