Genes identified in this work are an important source of markers for selecting novel resistance inducers and for the analysis of environmental conditions that might affect induced resistance mechanisms.
In addition, the mushroom species itself produce biotic resistance inducers, substances that elicit plant defense responses (Silva et al. 2013).
Resistance inducers have been used in annual crops as an alternative for disease control.
Our study has identified genes that could be valuable as markers of ISR activation for subsequent selection of new resistance inducers with improved ability to stimulate plant defences.
Wood perennial fruit trees, such as those of the citrus species, are candidates for treatment with resistance inducers, such as salicylic acid (SA) and chitosan (CHI).
Interestingly, both these resistance inducers appear to mimic IC1270 in that they produce a similar resistance phenotype, characterized by hypersensitively dying cells in the vicinity of fungal hyphae [ 28, 38, 73, 74].
Downy mildew symptoms can be significantly reduced in susceptible grapevines by preventive application of resistance inducers, such as chitosan [ 15], laminarins [ 16- 18], β-aminobutyric acid (BABA) [ 19, 20], acibenzolar-S-methyl (BTH) [ 21, 22], and thiamine [ 23].
Another level of protection induced upon infection is resistance to inducers of the extrinsic pathway of apoptosis, such as TRAIL.
In contrast to hematological malignancies, where GCs may reduce Bcl-xL expression thereby favoring apoptosis (Laane et al. 2007), in PCa it was shown that GCs upregulate Bcl-xL resulting in resistance to apoptosis-inducers (Petrella et al. 2006).
