Instead, it may be the insertion of one residue space at the tip of the diverging turn which results in insolubility.
Furthermore, we demonstrate that it is most likely that the one residue space inserted, rather than the specific properties of the inserted residue, causes the significant unfolding and insolubility, because all four insertion mutants (V22-, A22-, D22- and R22-SH3) are similarly unfolded and insoluble in buffers.
Furthermore, cysteine residue spacing is exactly conserved in boophilin and BPTI.
The catalytic active site DDE motif of Sinbad's integrase displayed the residue spacing of D 62 D 49 E.
The LRRs are characterized by specific leucine and asparagine residue spacing and are found in proteins with diverse functions and cellular distribution [ 14, 15, 17, 21, 22].
It was especially notable that the cytochrome c of Paracoccus denitrificans, which is not processed by HCCS, has a phenylalanine residue spaced only one residue differently than in mitochondrial cytochromes c [13].
In the case of AMPK it was proposed that phosphorylation of Ser on rat AMPK-α1 might promote phosphorylation of Thr, although not by conventional priming because the residue spacing is not appropriate, and because phosphorylation was not affected by a GSK3β mutation that reduces phosphorylation of primed substrates [ 31].
In these "metallo-zipper" structures, Gla residues spaced at i, i + 4, i + 7, i + 11 intervals, which is similar to the arrangement of a and d residues in typical heptads of coiled-coils, coordinate with Ca2+ and form specific antiparallel helical dimers.
Structurally, chemokines are divided into the C, CC, CXC, and CX3C subclasses on the basis of their N-terminal cysteine residues spacing [2].
The signature motif of the DNA-binding domain is a tryptophan repeat consisting of five residues spaced at 10 18 amino acid intervals (28).
(C ) Magnified view of a single SAS-5Imp protein chain in schematic representation, showing the proline residues (space-filling representation) at the tight turns between α-helices.
