If it had been residual task-related processing, it would have probably exhibited a "recovery" behavior, similar to that shown in Barnes et al's study [26].
A model of the process under investigation is obtained by identification procedures, whilst the residual generation task is achieved by means of output observers and Kalman filters designed in both noise-free and noisy assumptions.
We first learn a minimal residual oscillations task policy in obstacle-free environments using a specifically designed feature vector for value function approximation that allows generalization beyond the training domain.
Functional connectivity analyses were performed on the residuals of task data after extraction of task effects (NExp. 1 = 15, NExp. 2 = 14).
There was no significant correlation between each performance variable in the double-control task (residual directional error, Eφ; change in rate of target selection error, ΔET) and either P5y or Td (p>0.1).
To get an estimate the increase or decrease in likeability from each assessment moment (first impression, after waiting room and after getting-acquainted task) residual change scores of likeability were calculated based on de Vaus (2008, p. 156).
The Residual method produced task-specific changes in connectivity that mirrored the other methods, which suggests that the time series residuals do contain some signals relating to the task context.
Although quantitative differences between residuals derived from task data and continuous resting state data have been reported (Fair et al., 2007), in qualitative terms, patterns of functionally connected regions have been shown to be remarkably consistent (Fair et al., 2007; Lacy and Stark, 2012).
To evaluate the residual effects of secondary task interactions on DRT RT, performance in the off-task segments of the drive was sorted into 3-s bins relative to the time that the off-task interval began.
