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Individual activation maps were recalculated by testing the goodness-of-fit of this convolution with the blood oxygen level-dependent time series that used the ratio of the sum of squares of deviations from the mean intensity value due to the model (fitted time series) divided by the sum of squares due to the residuals (original time series minus model time series).
A goodness-of-fit statistic [an sum of squares quotient (SSQ) ratio] was then computed at each voxel consisting of the ratio of the sum of squares of deviations from the mean intensity value due to the model (fitted time series) divided by the sum of squares due to the residuals (original time series minus model time series).
A goodness-of-fit statistic (the SSQ ratio) was then computed at each voxel consisting of the ratio of the sum of squares of deviations from the mean intensity value due to the model (fitted time series) divided by the that of squares due to the residuals (original time series minus model time series).
Let the residual and original signal in the previous and current subframe be,,,, respectively.
Compared to original residual updating, improved residual updating reduced CPU time on the Windows workstation by 35.3 to 43.3%, and RHS-updating reduced CPU time by 74.5 to 93.0%.
In the original residual updating algorithm, updating of the residuals and obtaining the sum of cross-products of the residuals and genotypes of each individual are the most time-consuming steps [ 15].
In step 3, the stationary bootstrap is used to allow the resampled residuals to mimic the dependence structure of the original residual process under the notion that, although adjacent data points might suffer dependence, blocks of sufficient length may be close to independent of one another.
I was concerned that the site was harvesting residual rights from original songs posted there by unsigned musicians.
The crack-compliance method is an effective means of measuring the original residual stresses in pre-stretched aluminum alloy plates.
The parameter was repeatedly increased or decreased until the fit residual exceed the original fit residual by more than 5%.
After having applied PHEEMD, inhomogeneous illumination correction is carried out by subtracting the residual image from original image using (1). .
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Since I tried Ludwig back in 2017, I have been constantly using it in both editing and translation. Ever since, I suggest it to my translators at ProSciEditing.

Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com