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Solow ([1957]) analyzed a closed perfectly competitive economy and discovered that the residual (now called Solow residual) measures technical change.
Knowledge on firewall behavior enables customers to estimate the extent of protection and the residual measures to gain the required level of protection, e. g., by additional host firewalls.
A residual measures the difference between the observed data, and the expected data under the assumption of the model.
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Freight and passenger services alike were progressively reformed and privatized through the 1990s, but a residual measure of government ownership remained.
Since it is positively related to the manufacturing and marketing cost of the vehicle, one possible interpretation of the Resourcecostshare variable could be as a residual measure of quality, over and above the quality attributes already included in the regression.
The residual measured in the postoperative MRI was about 20%, with a slight trend towards less residual in monitored patients.
The definitive histological analysis of the surgical specimens showed a complete pathological response in 4 cases, a residual disease ≤2 cm in four cases, and one case with a residual measuring 8 cm.
The sum of the martingale residuals measures the deviation of survival of the parents with respect to their birth cohort.
The obtained residuals measure the deviation of CP participants performance from the expected performance of a hypothetical control participant with identical individual characteristics (e.g. age).
A previous study showed that models using HES data can have good discrimination (as assessed by the receiver operating curve c statistic) and calibration (using standardised residuals measuring goodness-of-fit) [17].
In 70% of cases the postoperative tumor residuals measured at least 10 mm.
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Since I tried Ludwig back in 2017, I have been constantly using it in both editing and translation. Ever since, I suggest it to my translators at ProSciEditing.

Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com