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When no packet loss happens, the H.264 decoded transform coefficients are used for decoding the residual frames.
On the other hand, Long et al. [13] provided a different R-D model for each kind of picture based on picture type or temporal decomposition level using statistical data of the residual frames.
Moreover, compared to previous works[16, 18], some statistical information extracted from the SI residual frames, such as mean and variance, was determined to be very correlated with the H.264 MB mode decision.
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This error is termed as the residual frame (r).
For the multi-hypothesis system, a residual frame estimate is required for each hypothesis.
The interpolated LR reconstruction is subtracted from this frame to obtain the side information Laplacian residual frame.
To minimize the impact of data hiding on visual quality, [16] divides hidden data equally among all the blocks in the residual frame.
In a typical residual frame, most DCT coefficients are close to zero and those coefficients enjoy little distortion due to quantization.
The residual frame, given by the difference between all reconstructed intra coded blocks or the central luminance value (for non-hash blocks) and the corresponding blocks in the Wyner-Ziv frame, was formed and Wyner-Ziv encoded.
The statistical information of the residual frame, such as the actual mean absolute difference (MAD), changes with the QP value adjustment even as the QP value influences the motion information.
where R x, k * ( s ) = λ x, k λ x, k + s is the LST for exponential distribution of the residual frame inter-arrival time and I x * ( s ) denotes LST of time needed to synchronize with the beginning of CCH or SCH period [3].
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Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com