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Additional functional enhancement of the matrices by exposing encoded biological signals to their residing cells in a controlled manner has the potential to augment the tissue engineering approach.
These scaffolds not only provide the appropriate microenvironment for the residing cells but also act as medium for the transmission of the mechanical stimuli, essential for the tissue regeneration, from macroscopic scale of the scaffolds to the microscopic scale of cells.
The hMSC were separated from other bone-marrow residing cells by plastic adherence, and were then grown under tissue culture conditions, as previously described [13].
Nevertheless, due to changes in the mechanical properties of the cartilage via altered homeostasis of ECM, its residing cells, chondrocytes, are exposed to vastly different biomechanical microenvironments that further intensify the progression of OA by altering cellular behaviors.
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A subset of T helper cells residing in B cell follicles (Tfh) has been described [ 64, 65].
Inulinase and invertase were retained by the cell wall and secreted from cells, residing mainly in the cell wall, where the diffused sucrose can be easily hydrolyzed.
Parallel changes in the tissue microenvironment, leaving tissue-residing cells with a primed phenotype, could easily generate tissues that are more susceptible to the action of systemically produced pro-inflammatory cytokines.
DCAMKL1 cells resided below foveolar cells (stained with Alcian Blue, Figure 2b) and above mucous neck cells (stained with MUC6 and TFF2, Figure 2c, d).
Gangliosides are sialic acid-containing glycosphingolipids residing in cell membranes, primarily in the nervous system (Ledeen, 1983).
The efficacies of disinfectants on cells residing in biofilms versus planktonic cells were compared.
The remarkable secretory responses of such damaged cells, mainly stromal cells residing in TMEN, may occur in numerous situations.
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