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Through a scheme literally called the "Double Irish", a company can create two Irish subsidiary companies, and the first Irish company (usually in the Cayman Islands) licenses everything to a second Irish company, the upshot being that the mothership is not considered a tax resident anywhere thanks to differences between the US and Irish definitions of residence.
In Apple's case, the most surprising revelation to emerge from the Senate's scrutiny was the existence of subsidiaries that were not tax resident anywhere.
US senators concluded some of Apple's Irish companies were not tax resident anywhere, with John McCain describing the company's arrangements as "unacceptable … complicated and pernicious".
The complex arrangement includes three subsidiaries, based ostensibly in Ireland, which appear not to be designated as tax resident anywhere, the committee said.
That low tax rate came on top of Apple's ploy of saying its three main Irish subsidiaries are not tax resident anywhere.
The tech giant Apple achieved what Senator Carl Levin called, in 2013, the "holy grail" of tax avoidance, setting up offshore corporations legally incorporated in Ireland and the US – but for tax purposes, not resident anywhere.
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Some of the computing group's Irish subsidiaries have been criticised by a US Senate committee because they appear not to be designated as tax-resident anywhere in the world.
There are a number of sellers on the continent that have been authorised by Locog and can accept ticket requests from residents anywhere within the EU.
We're less likely to have strong friendships or know our neighbours than residents anywhere else in the EU, and a relatively high proportion of us have no one to rely on in a crisis.
From a supply chain perspective it is noteworthy that the Act has extra-territorial jurisdiction, so it applies to UK nationals or residents anywhere in the world as well as any business operating in the United Kingdom.
There is no reason that Nassau County, one of the wealthiest counties in the United States and home to some of the highest property taxes and richest residents anywhere, should be in such a dire state — its budget $176 million out of whack and its finances now subject to a humiliating takeover by a state control board.
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Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com